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Hinduism has been variously defined as a religion, a religious tradition, a set of religious beliefs, and "a way of life". [ 69 ] [ note 1 ] From a Western lexical standpoint, Hinduism, like other faiths, is appropriately referred to as a religion.
Monotheism is the belief in a single creator God and the lack of belief in any other Creator. [58] [59] Different sects of Hinduism may or may not posit or require such a belief, as religion is considered a personal belief in Hinduism and followers are free to choose the different interpretations within the framework of karma and samsara.
Hinduism – predominant and indigenous religious tradition of the Indian Subcontinent. [1] Its followers are called Hindus , who refer to it as Sanātana Dharma [ 2 ] ( Sanskrit : सनातनधर्मः , lit.
[6] [7] The Hindu deity concept varies from a personal god as in Yoga school of Hindu philosophy, [8] [9] to thirty-three major deities in the Vedas, [10] to hundreds of deities mentioned in the Puranas of Hinduism. [11] Illustrations of major deities include Vishnu, Lakshmi, Shiva, Parvati, Brahma and Saraswati.
Within Hinduism, having faith means one maintains trust in god, scriptures, dharma, and the path of liberation (moksha). [2] The Brihadranyaka Upanishad (3.9.21) states that "the resting ground of faith is the heart", emphasising that to have faith is to follow ones heart and intuition.
Shaivism is a major tradition within Hinduism with a theology that is predominantly related to the Hindu god Shiva. Shaivism has many different sub-traditions with regional variations and differences in philosophy. [31] Shaivism has a vast literature with different philosophical schools ranging from nondualism, dualism, and mixed schools. [32]
[117] [118] The term Hindu, in contemporary parlance, includes people who accept themselves as culturally or ethnically Hindu rather than with a fixed set of religious beliefs within Hinduism. [65] One need not be religious in the minimal sense, states Julius Lipner, to be accepted as Hindu by Hindus, or to describe oneself as Hindu. [119]
According to Sundararajan, Hinduism is also known as the Vedic religion. [50] Other authors state that the Vedas contain "the fundamental truths about Hindu Dharma" [note 8] which is called "the modern version of the ancient Vedic Dharma" [52] The Arya Samaj is recognize the Vedic religion as true Hinduism. [53]