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TVOR is typically performed after ovarian hyperstimulation, where oocytes are pharmacologically stimulated to mature. When the ovarian follicles have reached a certain degree of development, induction of final oocyte maturation is performed, generally by an intramuscular or subcutaneous injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). [10]
Gynecologic ultrasonography or gynecologic sonography refers to the application of medical ultrasonography to the female pelvic organs (specifically the uterus, the ovaries, and the fallopian tubes) as well as the bladder, the adnexa, and the recto-uterine pouch. The procedure may lead to other medically relevant findings in the pelvis.This ...
An ovarian follicle is a roughly spheroid cellular aggregation set found in the ovaries. It secretes hormones that influence stages of the menstrual cycle . In humans, women have approximately 200,000 to 300,000 follicles at the time of puberty , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] each with the potential to release an egg cell (ovum) at ovulation for fertilization ...
An oocyte (/ ˈ oʊ ə s aɪ t /, oöcyte, or ovocyte is a female gametocyte or germ cell involved in reproduction.In other words, it is an immature ovum, or egg cell.An oocyte is produced in a female fetus in the ovary during female gametogenesis.
The definition of "poor ovarian response" is the retrieval of less than 4 oocytes following a standard hyperstimulation protocol, that is, following maximal stimulation. [5] [note 1] On the other hand, the term "hyper response" refers to the retrieval of more than 15 or 20 oocytes following a standard hyperstimulation protocol. [5]
The zona pellucida is a translucent matrix of cross-linked glycoprotein filaments that surrounds the mammalian oocyte and is 6.5–20 μm thick depending on the species. Its formation, which depends on a conserved zona pellucida-like (ZP) module that mediates the polymerization of egg coat components, [2] is critical to successful fertilization. [3]
The antral follicle count (AFC) is the number of antral follicles, generally in both ovaries taken together if not specified otherwise. It can be determined by transvaginal ultrasonography . A low AFC is a major factor in the diagnosis of poor ovarian reserve , that is, low fertility characterized by low numbers of remaining oocytes in the ...
Oocytes are immature egg cells that develop to maturity within a follicle in the ovary. Oocyte abnormalities can occur due to several factors, including premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) , other maturation abnormalities, maternal ageing, and mitochondrial abnormalities.