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Crown glass. Crown glass was an early type of window glass. In this process, glass was blown into a "crown" or hollow globe. This was then transferred from the blowpipe to a punty and then flattened by reheating and spinning out the bowl-shaped piece of glass (bullion) into a flat disk by centrifugal force, up to 5 or 6 feet (1.5 to 1.8 metres) in diameter.
In New England some houses built more than 300 years ago have window glass which is lightly tinted violet because of this chemical change, and such glass panes are prized as antiques. This process is widely confused with the formation of "desert amethyst glass", in which glass exposed to desert sunshine with a high ultraviolet component ...
Crackled glass was glass filled with webs of small cracks and fissures, refracting light and causing the glass to have a sparkling effect. [1] Émaux-Bijoux was a technique invented by Emile Gallé. Translucent layers of enamel were built up in layers and then fused to a foil of precious metal, which was then heated and attached to the outside ...
A very important advance in glass manufacture was the technique of adding lead oxide to the molten glass; this improved the appearance of the glass and made it easier to melt using sea-coal as a furnace fuel. This technique also increased the "working period" of the glass, making it easier to manipulate.
The Free Society of Traders built a glass factory close to Philadelphia in the Province of Pennsylvania during the early 1680s. The works, located at Frankford, [55] was managed by Joshua Tittery, who was also a potter. [56] They produced bottles and window panes for several years under the guidance of English glass blowers. [57]
Around the same time the first window panes are thought to have been produced. [1] The earliest panes were rough cast into a wooden frame on top of a layer of sand or stone, [1] but from the late 3rd century onwards window glass was made by the muff process, where a blown cylinder was cut laterally and flattened out to produce a sheet. [26]
One of these designs was the bombe vitrine, which generally bulged out in a section between curved sabot legs and a straighter upper body which featured the panes of glass. [7] This bulging section was sometimes decorated with extra marquetry woodwork or a painting on Vernis Martin lacquer, tortoiseshell, or inlaid ceramic plaques.
Vassily Kandinsky Vassily Kandinsky, Komposition V, 1911. One of the main challenges of creating a reverse glass painting is how layers are applied when painting. [6] An illustration of this type is usually painted on the opposite side of the glass (the one not presented to the audience), following an opposite succession of layers of paint, applying the front most layer first and the ...