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Nicolae Constantin Paulescu (Romanian pronunciation: [nikoˈla.e pa.uˈlesku]; 30 October 1869 (O.S.) – 17 July 1931) was a Romanian physiologist, professor of medicine, and politician, most famous for his work on diabetes, including patenting pancreine (a pancreatic extract containing insulin).
In October 1923, Banting and Macleod were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology based on a nomination by August Krogh for "the discovery of insulin and their exploration of its clinical and physiological characteristics". [123] [124] [125] Banting and Macleod publicly shared the prize with Best and Collip, respectively. [126] [127] [128] [129]
Hagedorn discovered that the addition of protamine to insulin caused the insulin to form microscopic clumps. These clumps took longer to dissolve into the bloodstream. This complex of protamine and insulin is known as NPH (neutral protamine Hagedorn) insulin. It is one of the earliest example of engineering drug delivery.
Physicians had no way to treat their diabetic patients’ dangerously high blood sugar levels, which were due to a lack of the hormone insulin. Today, though, nearly 1.6 million Americans
Joslin was involved for seven decades in most aspects of diabetes investigation and treatment, save for the fact that he did not discover insulin. Following the Toronto group's blockbuster discovery of insulin in 1921, and the group's disbanding several years later, Joslin became effectively the dean of diabetes mellitus.
The researchers monitored insulin delivery from 26 pumps in tests conducted in Europe’s largest hypobaric chamber, to mimic the atmospheric changes during a normal commercial flight.
From Banting's viewpoint, "this was a brazen coup by Macleod to rob him of the credit for having discovered insulin – and to rub salt into the wound, it had been done in front of the most eminent doctors in the field". [14] Their discovery was first published in the February 1922 issue of The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. [15]
Much of this extended protection also came from the more than 100 patents that were filed by insulin manufacturers after a drug or delivery tool had already been approved by the FDA, a timeline ...