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Memory loss in patients with temporally graded RA strongly follows Ribot's law, meaning that one will experience more memory loss for events closer to the injury or disease onset. [4] This type of RA is commonly triggered in individuals with Korsakoff syndrome due to a combination of long-term alcohol use and Wernicke encephalopathy. [7]
In 1981, Cochrane was involved in a motorcycle accident that left him with severe anterograde amnesia, as well as temporally graded retrograde amnesia. Like other amnesic patients (patient HM, for example), Cochrane had his semantic memory intact, but lacked episodic memory with respect to his entire past. [2]
Many neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, are also associated with a temporally graded retrograde amnesia, indicating that older memories are somehow strengthened against degeneration while newer memories are not. [8] Although the mechanism for this strengthening is unclear, some models exist to explain the effects. [citation ...
Transient global amnesia (TGA) is an uncommon condition affecting about 1 in every 20,000 Americans, although as many as 1 of every 4,000 over age 50. Many TGA patients have a precipitating factor ...
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Molaison displayed a temporally graded retrograde amnesia in the way that he "could still recall childhood memories, but he had difficulty remembering events that happened during the years immediately preceding the surgery". [25] His old memories were not impaired, whereas the ones relatively close to the surgery were.
There is evidence of semantic memories existing independently of any brain structure, especially when considering that the damage retrograde amnesia inflicts on semantic memory is temporally graded: there is a higher probability of older memories being retained even when the hippocampus is completely damaged. [11]
The individual simply cannot recall anything that happened outside the last few minutes, while memory for more temporally distant events may or may not be largely intact. [1] [2] The degree of amnesia is profound, and, in the interval during which the individual is aware of his or her condition is often accompanied by anxiety. [3]