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The treatment for cancer varies depending on its type and how advanced it is. Chemotherapy is a common treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It works by damaging the DNA of cancer cells or stopping them from dividing. This process can also impact genes that control cell growth, affecting both cancer-causing and anticancer genes.
Oncogenomics is a sub-field of genomics that characterizes cancer-associated genes.It focuses on genomic, epigenomic and transcript alterations in cancer. Cancer is a genetic disease caused by accumulation of DNA mutations and epigenetic alterations leading to unrestrained cell proliferation and neoplasm formation.
Cancer gene therapy was introduced in 1992/93 (Trojan et al. 1993). [167] The treatment of glioblastoma multiforme, the malignant brain tumor whose outcome is always fatal, was done using a vector expressing antisense IGF-I RNA (clinical trial approved by NIH protocol no.1602 24 November 1993, [168] and by the FDA in 1994). This therapy also ...
The central role of DNA damage and epigenetic defects in DNA repair genes in carcinogenesis. DNA damage is considered to be the primary cause of cancer. [17] More than 60,000 new naturally-occurring instances of DNA damage arise, on average, per human cell, per day, due to endogenous cellular processes (see article DNA damage (naturally occurring)).
Gene expression profiling is a technique used in molecular biology to query the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously. While almost all cells in an organism contain the entire genome of the organism, only a small subset of those genes is expressed as messenger RNA (mRNA) at any given time, and their relative expression can be evaluated.
It has published a census of genes causally implicated in cancer, [14] and a number of whole-genome resequencing screens for genes implicated in cancer. [15] The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) was founded in 2007 with the goal of integrating available genomic, transcriptomic and epigenetic data from many different research groups.