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Oogenesis starts with the process of developing primary oocytes, which occurs via the transformation of oogonia into primary [oocyte]s, a process called oocytogenesis. [11] From one single oogonium, only one mature oocyte will rise, with 3 other cells called polar bodies. Oocytogenesis is complete either before or shortly after birth.
In mammalian oocytes, maternally derived ribosomes and some mRNAs are stored in a structure called cytoplasmic lattices. These cytoplasmic lattices, a network of fibrils, protein, and RNAs, have been observed to increase in density as the number of ribosomes decrease within a growing oocyte [ 23 ] and mutation in them have been linked to ...
The zona pellucida is a translucent matrix of cross-linked glycoprotein filaments that surrounds the mammalian oocyte and is 6.5–20 μm thick depending on the species. Its formation, which depends on a conserved zona pellucida-like (ZP) module that mediates the polymerization of egg coat components, [2] is critical to successful fertilization. [3]
Oocyte (or ovum/egg) activation is a series of processes that occur in the oocyte during fertilization.. Sperm entry causes calcium release into the oocyte. In mammals, this is caused by the introduction of phospholipase C isoform zeta (PLCζ) from the sperm cytoplasm. [1]
Degenerated oocytes are classified as damaged oocytes or oocytes without a zona pellucida. [6] Dysmorphic oocytes are oocytes with abnormal physical characteristics, for example multiple nuclei. [7] EFS is a condition occurring when no oocytes are produced from the mature follicle after ovulation is induced in cycles of in vitro fertilisation ...
The embryological origin of granulosa cells remains controversial. In the 1970s, evidence emerged that the first cells to make contact with the oogonia were of mesonephric origin. It was suggested that mesonephric cells already closely associated with the oogonia proliferated throughout development to form the granulosa cell layer. [2] [3] [4]
Vitellogenesis is the process of yolk protein formation in the oocytes during sexual maturation. [2] The term vitellogenesis comes from the Latin vitellus ("egg yolk"). Yolk proteins, such as Lipovitellin and Phosvitin , provides maturing oocytes with the metabolic energy required for development.
These mitotically active germ cells found in mammalian adults were identified by tracking several markers that were common in oocytes. These potential renewable germ cells were identified as positive for these essential oocyte markers. [2] The discovery of these active germ cells and oogonia in the adult female could be very useful in the ...