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Musicians playing the salpinx (trumpet) and the hydraulis (water organ). Terracotta figurine made in Alexandria, 1st century BC Greek warrior blowing a salpinx. A salpinx (/ ˈ s æ l p ɪ ŋ k s /; plural salpinges / s æ l ˈ p ɪ n dʒ iː z /; Greek σάλπιγξ) was a trumpet-like instrument of the ancient Greeks. [1]
Gulella salpinx, common name Trumpet-mouthed hunter snail, [3] is a species of very small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Streptaxidae. This species is endemic to Marble Delta, South Africa. [2] Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Salpinx was a straight trumpet 62 inches (1,600 mm) long, made of bone or bronze. Homer’s Iliad (9th or 8th century BCE) contain the earliest reference to its sound and further, frequent descriptions are found throughout the Classical Period. [9] Salpinx contests were a part of the original Olympic Games. [10]
The Greek playwright Aeschylus described the sound of the salpinx as "shattering"; the word salpinx is thought to mean "thunderer". At the Olympic Games, contests of trumpet playing were introduced for the first time in 396 BCE. These contests were judged not by the participants' musical skill but by the volume of sound they generated.
The genus name Salpiglossis is a compound of the Greek words for "trumpet" σαλπινξ ( salpinx) and "tongue" γλώσσα ( glossa). The relatively large flowers of Salpiglossis sinuata ( the species in general cultivation ) are prettily veined and come in a pleasing range of colours. The species grows to an average height of 75 cm.
A hydrosalpinx is a condition that occurs when a fallopian tube is blocked and fills with serous or clear fluid near the ovary (distal to the uterus). The blocked tube may become substantially distended giving the tube a characteristic sausage-like or retort-like shape.
In the Greek Bible, the original animal horn qarnā is rendered salpinx and in the Latin Vulgate tuba, thus reinterpreting it as a straight metal trumpet. [17] The word qarnā becomes karnā in the medieval Arabic texts for a straight or curved trumpet with a conical tube (for the exact origin of the ancient trumpets see there).
Comparing the field trumpet and the clarion, Galpin said both were used in fanfare music, the broader tubed and longer field trumpet taking lower notes, the clarion the higher notes. [ 13 ] European experiments with bent-tube instruments in turn influenced Islamic musical instruments, resulting in the S-curved nafir or karnay and the Turkish boru .