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This is sometimes called the reverse water–gas shift reaction. [19] Water gas is defined as a fuel gas consisting mainly of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2). The term 'shift' in water–gas shift means changing the water gas composition (CO:H 2) ratio. The ratio can be increased by adding CO 2 or reduced by adding steam to the reactor.
Steam reforming or steam methane reforming (SMR) is a method for producing syngas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) by reaction of hydrocarbons with water. Commonly natural gas is the feedstock. The main purpose of this technology is often hydrogen production , although syngas has multiple other uses such as production of ammonia or methanol .
With iron-based catalysts unsaturated short-chain hydrocarbons are also produced. [47] Upon introduction to the catalyst's support, ceria functions as a reverse water-gas shift catalyst, further increasing the yield of the reaction. [48] The short-chain hydrocarbons were upgraded to liquid fuels over solid acid catalysts, such as zeolites.
The water gas shift reaction is the reaction between carbon monoxide and steam to form hydrogen and carbon dioxide: CO + H 2 O ⇌ CO 2 + H 2. This reaction was discovered by Felice Fontana and nowadays is adopted in a wide range of industrial applications, such as in the production process of ammonia, hydrocarbons, methanol, hydrogen and other chemicals.
The gasification process occurs as the char reacts with steam and carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen, via the reactions C + H 2 O → H 2 + CO and C + CO 2 → 2CO. In addition, the reversible gas phase water-gas shift reaction reaches equilibrium very fast at the temperatures in a gasifier.
Methanol is made from methane (natural gas) in a series of three reactions: Steam reforming CH 4 + H 2 O → CO + 3 H 2 Δ r H = +206 kJ mol −1 Water shift reaction CO + H 2 O → CO 2 + H 2 Δ r H = -41 kJ mol −1 Synthesis 2 H 2 + CO → CH 3 OH Δ r H = -92 kJ mol −1. The methanol thus formed may be converted to gasoline by the Mobil ...
The process used the water-gas shift reaction: CO + H 2 O → CO 2 + H 2. The process was discovered by passing high-pressure steam over hot coal, the major source of coke gas. Lowe's process improved upon the chimney systems by which the coal could remain superheated, thereby maintaining a consistently high supply of the gas.
Water-gas-shift reaction. The reaction that occurs in a water-gas-shift reactor is CO + H 2 O CO 2 + H 2. This produces a syngas with a higher composition of hydrogen fuel which is more efficient for burning later in combustion. Physical separation process.