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Parental obesity refers to obesity of either parent during pregnancy. Maternal obesity has a significant impact on maternal metabolism and offspring development. [ 1 ] Insulin resistance , glucose homeostasis, fat oxidation and amino acid synthesis are all disrupted by maternal obesity and contribute to adverse outcomes. [ 1 ]
The guidelines attempt to address the prevention and management of obesity at both the individual and population levels in both children and adults. [5] The European Union published clinical practice guidelines in 2008 in an effort to address the rising rates of obesity in Europe. [107] Australia came out with practice guidelines in 2004. [106]
The IOM has recommended the ranges of weight gain to be 12.5–18 kg, 11.5–16 kg, 7-11.5 kg, and 5–9 kg respectively. That is, the smaller the BMI pre pregnancy, the more weight a woman is expected to gain during her pregnancy. [3]
Maintaining a healthy weight during gestation lowers adverse risks on infants such as birth defects, as well as chronic conditions in adulthood such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). [citation needed] Ideally, the rate of weight gain should be monitored during pregnancy to support the most ideal infant development. [3]
Matheny says that 10,000 steps is a “nice goal.” ... One randomized trial found that people with obesity who walked 8,000 steps or more a day lost 10% or more of their body weight over 18 ...
The UK's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE): All adults "ensure their waist size is less than half their height in order to help stave off serious health problems". [ 8 ] [ 9 ] In September 2022, NICE formally adopted this guideline.
Obesity is a major cause of disability and is correlated with various diseases and conditions, particularly cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. [2] [12] [13] Obesity has individual, socioeconomic, and environmental causes.
As of 2019, current clinical guidelines recommend that hospitals ensure that the patients get fed with 80–100% of energy expenditure, the normocaloric feeding. A systematic review investigated whether people in intensive care units have different outcomes with normocaloric feeding or hypocaloric feeding, and found no difference. [ 23 ]
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