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Phenytoin may accumulate in the cerebral cortex over long periods of time which can cause atrophy of the cerebellum. The degree of atrophy is related to the duration of phenytoin treatment and is not related to dosage of the medication. [23] Phenytoin is known to be a causal factor in the development of peripheral neuropathy. [24]
Tricyclic antidepressant overdose is poisoning caused by excessive medication of the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) type. Symptoms may include elevated body temperature , blurred vision, dilated pupils , sleepiness, confusion, seizures , rapid heart rate , and cardiac arrest . [ 1 ]
Similarly, children exposed lamotrigine or phenytoin in the womb do not seem to differ in their skills compared to those who were exposed to carbamazepine. [96] There is inadequate evidence to determine if newborns of women with epilepsy taking anticonvulsants have a substantially increased risk of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. [94]
The hydantoin group can be found in several medicinally important compounds. [1] In pharmaceuticals, hydantoin derivatives form a class of anticonvulsants; [8] phenytoin and fosphenytoin both contain hydantoin moieties and are both used as anticonvulsants in the treatment of seizure disorders.
Purple glove syndrome is caused by the intravenous anticonvulsant phenytoin. [3] This medication has many already established neurological side effects. However, glove syndrome is a rare, with prevalence ranging from 1.7% to 5.9%, but has very serious adverse effect that may lead to limb amputations.
Fosphenytoin, also known as fosphenytoin sodium, and sold under the brand name Cerebyx among others, is a water-soluble phenytoin prodrug that is administered intravenously to deliver phenytoin, potentially more safely than intravenous phenytoin. It is used in the acute treatment of convulsive status epilepticus. Fosphenytoin was developed in 1996.
Isoniazid may increase the amount of phenytoin in the body. The doses of phenytoin may need to be adjusted when given with isoniazid. [50] [51] Isoniazid may increase the plasma levels of theophylline. There are some cases of theophylline slowing down isoniazid elimination. Both theophylline and isoniazid levels should be monitored. [52]