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Superabrasives and hone head for cylinders Honing tools. Honing uses a special tool, called a honing stone or a hone, to achieve a precision surface. The hone is composed of abrasive grains that are bound together with an adhesive. Generally, honing grains are irregularly shaped and about 10 to 50 micrometers in diameter (300 to 1500 mesh grit ...
Superfinishing, also known as microfinishing [1] and short-stroke honing, is a metalworking process that improves surface finish and workpiece geometry. This is achieved by removing just the thin amorphous surface layer of fragmented or smeared metal left by the last process with an abrasive stone or tape; this layer is usually about 1 μm in magnitude.
A part's-eye view of a boring bar. Hole types: Blind hole (left), through hole (middle), interrupted hole (right). In machining, boring is the process of enlarging a hole that has already been drilled (or cast) by means of a single-point cutting tool (or of a boring head containing several such tools), such as in boring a gun barrel or an engine cylinder.
A schematic of a flat honing machine: 1. Carrier plate 2. Workpiece 3. Outer ring 4. Driven inner ring 5. Grinding wheel. The term is derived from honing cylinders and holes. A flat workpiece surface is processed, hence the word flat; the word honing is used because the cutting speed is low compared to grinding.
A red-hot metal workpiece is inserted into a forging press. Plastic deformation involves using heat or pressure to make a workpiece more conductive to mechanical force. Historically, this and casting were done by blacksmiths, though today the process has been industrialized. In bulk metal forming, the workpiece is generally heated up. Cold ...
Modern metal fabricators use press brakes to coin or air-bend metal sheet into form. CNC-controlled backgauges use hard stops to position cut parts to place bend lines in specific positions. Assembling (joining of pieces) is done by welding, binding with adhesives, riveting, threaded fasteners, or further bending in the form of crimped seams.