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Banda Aceh's Grand Mosque. Islam is the dominant religion in Aceh and over 98% of the 4 million people identify as Muslim. According to data from the 2005 census, the religious percentages in Aceh are 98.87% Islam, 0.87% Protestantism, 0.15% Buddhism, 0.09% Catholicism and 0.02% Hinduism. [1] Islam in Aceh is Sunni with Shafi'i mazhab in Fiqh.
Due to conflict after the Dutch invasion of Aceh, followed by Martial Law in Aceh during the attempt to break away from Indonesia, and the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, many Acehnese fled abroad. The most significant number of Acehnese can be found in Malaysia [ 47 ] [ 48 ] and Scandinavian countries, especially Sweden and Norway [ 49 ] countries.
The Sultanate of Aceh, officially the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam (Acehnese: Acèh Darussalam; Jawoë: اچيه دارالسلام ), was a sultanate centered in the modern-day Indonesian province of Aceh. It was a major regional power in the 16th and 17th centuries, before experiencing a long period of decline.
During the colonial period, the Acehnese people are known to have had political influence on the coastal area that became known as Kluet kingdom. Therefore, the Acehnese people also had cultural influence in the culture of the Kluet people to a certain degree, where the adat (customary) authority structure of the Kluet people are historically similar. [4]
In the 11th century, the Linge Kingdom was established by the Gayo people [3] during the reign of Sultan Makhdum Johan Berdaulat Mahmud Syah from the Perlak Sultanate, as it was told by two rulers who were ruling during the Dutch East Indies era; namely Raja Uyem and his son Raja Ranta, who is Raja Cik Bebesen, and also Zainuddin from the rulers of Kejurun Bukit.
The Hikayat Aceh text reveals that the spread of Islam in northern Sumatra was carried out by an Arab scholar named Sheikh Abdullah Arif in 1112. The book Zhufan Zhi (諸蕃 志), written by Zhao Rugua in 1225, cited the record of a geographer, Chou Ku-fei, in 1178 that there is a Muslim country with only five days of voyage from Java .
Aceh was first known as Aceh Darussalam (1511–1945). Upon its formation in 1956 it bore the name Aceh before being renamed to the Daerah Istimewa Aceh (Aceh Special Region; 1959–2001), Nanggroë Aceh Darussalam (2001–2009), and back to Aceh (2009–present). In the past it was also spelled as Acheh, Atjeh, and Achin. [15]
Aneuk Jamèë is an Acehnese term referring to the Minangkabau [2] diaspora who inhabit or settled in the southwestern regions of Aceh (in Singkil, South Aceh, Southwest Aceh, and parts of Simeulue) in northernmost of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. They speak a distictive dialect of Minangkabau, known as Jamèë.