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The observatory also operates four [34] rubidium atomic fountain clocks, which have a stability reaching 7 × 10 −16. [35] The observatory plans to build several more of this type for use at its two facilities. [33] The clocks used for the USNO timescale are kept in 19 environmental chambers, whose temperatures are kept constant to within 0.1°C.
The master atomic clock ensemble at the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington D.C., which provides the time standard for the U.S. Department of Defense. [1] The rack mounted units in the background are caesium beam clocks. The black units in the foreground are hydrogen maser standards.
USNO Alternate Master Clock ... 18 cesium atomic clocks and 4 hydrogen maser clocks Cs, H National Institute of Information and Communications Technology;
In the United States, the United States Naval Observatory provides the standard of time, called UTC(USNO), for the United States military and the Global Positioning System, [1] while the National Institute of Standards and Technology provides the standard of time for civil purposes in the United States, called UTC(NIST).
Atomic clocks are installed at sites of time signal radio transmitters. [113] They are used at some long-wave and medium-wave broadcasting stations to deliver a very precise carrier frequency. [114] Atomic clocks are used in many scientific disciplines, such as for long-baseline interferometry in radio astronomy. [115]
Master clock (at left) driving several slave clocks in an enthusiast's garage. The third one from the left at the top is a radio-controlled clock for reference. The master atomic clock ensemble at the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C., which provides the time standard for the U.S. Department of Defense. [1]