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In late 1830s, Britain's railways used a range of different rail patterns. The London and Birmingham Railway, which had offered a prize for the best design, and was one of the earliest lines to use double-headed rail, where the head and foot of the rail had the same profile. These rails were supported by chairs fastened to the sleepers. [12]
A dado rail, also known as a chair rail or surbase, [1] is a type of moulding fixed horizontally to the wall around the perimeter of a room. The dado rail is traditionally part of the dado or wainscot and, although the purpose of the dado is mainly aesthetic, the dado rail may provide the wall with protection from furniture and other contact.
Panels made from MDF will be painted to hide their appearance, but panels of hardwood-veneer plywood will be stained and finished to match the solid wood rails and stiles. A raised panel has a profile cut into its edge so that the panel surface is flush with or proud of the frame. Some popular profiles are the ogee, chamfer, and scoop or cove.
The introduction of rolled rail profiles in the 1820s such as the single flanged T parallel rail and later double flanged T parallel rail required the use of chairs, keys to hold the rail, and bolts or spikes to fix the chair. The flat bottomed rail invented by Robert L. Stevens in 1830 was initially spiked directly to wooden sleepers, later ...
Chair rail or dado rail: Horizontal moulding placed part way up a wall to protect the surface from chair-backs, and used simply as decoration Chamfer : Beveled edge between two adjacent surfaces Chin-beak : Concave quarter-round moulding, rare in ancient buildings, more common today.
The earliest rail chairs, made of cast iron and introduced around 1800, were used to fix and support cast-iron rails at their ends; [2] they were also used to join adjacent rails. [ 35 ] In the 1830s rolled T-shaped (or single-flanged T parallel rail ) and I-shaped (or double-flanged T parallel or bullhead ) rails were introduced; both required ...
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A railway track (CwthE and UIC terminology) or railroad track (NAmE), also known as permanent way (CwthE) [1] or "P Way" BrE [2] and Indian English), is the structure on a railway or railroad consisting of the rails, fasteners, sleepers (railroad ties in American English) and ballast (or slab track), plus the underlying subgrade.