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In 2013, women accounted for 8% of all national leaders and 2% of all presidential posts. Furthermore, 75% of all female prime ministers and presidents took office in the two decades through to 2016. [5] Women may face a number of challenges that affect their ability to participate in political life and become political leaders.
Women Political Leaders (WPL) [2] is a non-profit foundation that operates as a global network of female political leaders at national level, including the European Parliament, of whom there are currently around 9,000. WPL provides a platform for the exchange of ideas, experiences and best practices between female political leaders who push for ...
Glass cliff situations are likely only to arise under certain conditions, in which women leaders have access to resources they view as favorable to leaders. Research has indicated that in times of crisis, women view leadership positions with a greater amount of social resources more positively than they do positions lacking in social resources.
Maintaining an increased number of female ministers is a challenge because of a shortage of women with seniority. Women are also given limited leadership chances, which delays gender equality laws ...
Women will be less likely to be selected to lead and be involved in politics to make decisions. [27] Women have been unable to become leaders in their communities due to financial, social and legal constraints. [27] [28] Organizational and cultural limitations also affect women in the fields where men are dominant. Those industries include ...
Women achieve disproportionately less prestige and success in academia than their male counterparts. [41] They are less likely to be tenured and to receive promotions to more influential or powerful positions. [42] Women in academia also earn a lower income, on average, than their male counterparts, even when adjusted. [42]
Despite these challenges, the presence of women in Congress has been gradually increasing, supported by a network of organizations dedicated to training and mentoring female candidates, shifts in public perception that favor diversity in leadership, and legislative changes that address specific needs of women in politics.
Leadership is the process through which an individual guides and motivates a group towards the achievement of common goals. In studies that found a gender difference, women adopted participative styles of leadership and were more transformational leaders than men. Other studies find that no significant gender differences in leadership exist.