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In hematology, plasma cell dyscrasias (also termed plasma cell disorders and plasma cell proliferative diseases) are a spectrum of progressively more severe monoclonal gammopathies in which a clone or multiple clones of pre-malignant or malignant plasma cells (sometimes in association with lymphoplasmacytoid cells or B lymphocytes) over-produce and secrete into the blood stream a myeloma ...
Chemotherapy is broken down into 2 phases: Induction therapy: first short and invasive phase of treatment with the goal to clear the blood of blasts and reduce the number of blasts in the bone marrow back to normal. [12] Consolidation therapy: second phase given in cycles that occur after the patient has recovered from induction therapy.
The clinical signs and symptoms of leukostasis are non-specific but should be suspected in susceptible individuals with leukemia, a high white blood cell count (e.g., over 100,000), and new-onset neurologic or respiratory signs or symptoms. Rales may be heard when listening to the lungs with a stethoscope. [6]
High turnover of tumor cells leads to spill of potassium into the blood. Symptoms usually do not manifest until levels are high (> 6.5 mmol/L) [normal 3.5–5.0 mmol/L] and they include [8] palpitations, cardiac conduction abnormalities, and arrhythmias (can be fatal) muscle weakness or paralysis; Hyperphosphatemia.
Hydroxyurea is a chemotherapy that is used in the myeloproliferative form of CMML to reduce cell numbers. [ 4 ] [ 10 ] [ 12 ] Decitabine/cedazuridine (Inqovi) is a fixed-dosed combination medication for the treatment of adults with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) that was approved for use in the United ...
Monocytopenia is a form of leukopenia associated with a deficiency of monocytes. It has been proposed as a measure during chemotherapy to predict neutropenia , [ 1 ] though some research indicates that it is less effective than lymphopenia .
Conventionally, a leukocytosis exceeding 50,000 WBC/mm 3 with a significant increase in early neutrophil precursors is referred to as a leukemoid reaction. [2] The peripheral blood smear may show myelocytes, metamyelocytes, promyelocytes, and rarely myeloblasts; however, there is a mixture of early mature neutrophil precursors, in contrast to the immature forms typically seen in acute leukemia.
Acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL, or AML-M5) [2] is a type of acute myeloid leukemia.In AML-M5 >80% of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage. [3] This cancer is characterized by a dominance of monocytes in the bone marrow.