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  2. Historical method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_method

    Historical method is the collection of techniques and guidelines that historians use to research and write histories of the past. Secondary sources, primary sources and material evidence such as that derived from archaeology may all be drawn on, and the historian's skill lies in identifying these sources, evaluating their relative authority, and combining their testimony appropriately in order ...

  3. Philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy

    The history of philosophy is primarily concerned with theories based on rational inquiry and argumentation; some historians understand it in a looser sense that includes myths, religious teachings, and proverbial lore. [40] Influential traditions in the history of philosophy include Western, Arabic–Persian, Indian, and Chinese philosophy.

  4. Philosophy of history - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_history

    Philosophy of history is the philosophical study of history and its discipline. [1] The term was coined by the French philosopher Voltaire. [2] In contemporary philosophy a distinction has developed between the speculative philosophy of history and the critical philosophy of history, now referred to as analytic.

  5. History of philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_philosophy

    The history of philosophy is the field of inquiry that studies the historical development of philosophical thought. It aims to provide a systematic and chronological exposition of philosophical concepts and doctrines, as well as the philosophers who conceived them and the schools of thought to which they belong.

  6. Definitions of philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definitions_of_philosophy

    The problem of defining philosophy concerns the question of what all forms of philosophy have in common, i.e. how philosophy differs from non-philosophy or other disciplines, such as the empirical sciences or fine art. One difficulty is due to the fact that the meaning of the term "philosophy" has changed a lot in history: it was used in a much ...

  7. Historicism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historicism

    Hegel's famous aphorism, "Philosophy is the history of philosophy", describes it bluntly. Hegel's position is perhaps best illuminated when contrasted against the atomistic and reductionist opinion of human societies and social activities self-defining on an ad hoc basis through the sum of dozens of interactions.

  8. Historicity (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historicity_(philosophy)

    Historicity in philosophy is the idea or fact that something has a historical origin and developed through history: concepts, practices, values. This is opposed to the belief that the same thing, in particular normative institutions or correlated ideologies , is natural or essential and thus exists universally .

  9. History of human thought - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_human_thought

    A systematic school of philosophy in its own right for the first time in history – exerted an immense and profound influence on modern Western thought in general, [142] [143] with the birth of two influential rationalistic philosophical systems of Descartes [144] [145] (who spent most of his adult life and wrote all his major work in the ...