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  2. Gamma ray - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray

    Gamma rays are produced during gamma decay, which normally occurs after other forms of decay occur, such as alpha or beta decay. A radioactive nucleus can decay by the emission of an α or β particle. The daughter nucleus that results is usually left in an excited state. It can then decay to a lower energy state by emitting a gamma ray photon ...

  3. Two-photon physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-photon_physics

    Two-photon physics, also called gammagamma physics, is a branch of particle physics that describes the interactions between two photons. Normally, beams of light pass through each other unperturbed. Inside an optical material, and if the intensity of the beams is high enough, the beams may affect each other through a variety of non-linear ...

  4. Lorentz factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_factor

    Muons, a subatomic particle, travel at a speed such that they have a relatively high Lorentz factor and therefore experience extreme time dilation. Since muons have a mean lifetime of just 2.2 μs , muons generated from cosmic-ray collisions 10 km (6.2 mi) high in Earth's atmosphere should be nondetectable on the ground due to their decay rate.

  5. Gyromagnetic ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyromagnetic_ratio

    In physics, the gyromagnetic ratio (also sometimes known as the magnetogyric ratio [1] in other disciplines) of a particle or system is the ratio of its magnetic moment to its angular momentum, and it is often denoted by the symbol γ, gamma.

  6. Ionizing radiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizing_radiation

    Gamma rays, X-rays, and the higher energy ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum are ionizing radiation, whereas the lower energy ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwaves, and radio waves are non-ionizing radiation. Nearly all types of laser light are non-ionizing radiation.

  7. Electromagnetic spectrum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum

    Gamma rays, at the high-frequency end of the spectrum, have the highest photon energies and the shortest wavelengths—much smaller than an atomic nucleus. Gamma rays, X-rays, and extreme ultraviolet rays are called ionizing radiation because their high photon energy is able to ionize atoms, causing chemical reactions. Longer-wavelength ...

  8. Photodisintegration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodisintegration

    Photodisintegration (also called phototransmutation, or a photonuclear reaction) is a nuclear process in which an atomic nucleus absorbs a high-energy gamma ray, enters an excited state, and immediately decays by emitting a subatomic particle. The incoming gamma ray effectively knocks one or more neutrons, protons, or an alpha particle out of ...

  9. Annihilation radiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annihilation_radiation

    Annihilation radiation is a term used in Gamma spectroscopy for the photon radiation produced when a particle and its antiparticle collide and annihilate.Most commonly, this refers to 511-keV photons produced by an electron interacting with a positron. [1]