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Crystals can be identified based on their appearance and the pH of the urine (many types preferentially form at an acidic or alkaline pH). [123] Crystals that can be found in normal urine include uric acid , monosodium urate, triple phosphate ( ammonium magnesium phosphate ), calcium oxalate , and calcium carbonate . [ 124 ]
Soil pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity ... 4.5–5.0 Strongly acidic: 5.1–5.5 ... urine, faeces), mediated by ammonia emission, ...
The pH range is commonly given as zero to 14, but a pH value can be less than 0 for very concentrated strong acids or greater than 14 for very concentrated strong bases. [2] The pH scale is traceable to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international agreement. [3]
In particular, the parameters that were evaluated were urine pH value, presence of fever, shock, WBC count, constipation, and co-morbidities like diabetes and uremia. [30] The results from data analysis highlighted how PUBS was more commonly observed in elderly, as shown by how 98 out of 116 PUBS cases (84.5%) were elderly, as in over age 65.
Laboratory findings can include metabolic acidosis, hyperchloremia, hypercalcemia, and elevated urinary pH. Specifically, the urine will be unable to reach a pH under 5.5 because of its basicity. [3] Clinical findings can include muscle wasting, vomiting, failure to thrive, fatigue, constipation, polyuria, and polydipsia. [4]
Conversely, when pH = pK a, the concentration of HA is equal to the concentration of A −. The buffer region extends over the approximate range pK a ± 2. Buffering is weak outside the range pK a ± 1. At pH ≤ pK a − 2 the substance is said to be fully protonated and at pH ≥ pK a + 2 it is fully dissociated (deprotonated).
The pH of human faeces is variable but the average is pH 6.6 for normal faeces. [1] [2] A lower faecal pH (very acidic stool) can indicate a digestive problem such poor absorption of carbohydrates or fats, [3] lactose intolerance, [4] an infection such as E. coli or rotavirus, or overgrowth of acid-producing bacteria (such as lactic acid bacteria).
Alkaliphiles are a class of extremophilic microbes capable of survival in alkaline (pH roughly 8.5–11) environments, growing optimally around a pH of 10. These bacteria can be further categorized as obligate alkaliphiles (those that require high pH to survive), facultative alkaliphiles (those able to survive in high pH, but also grow under normal conditions) and haloalkaliphiles (those that ...