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Convective storm detection is the meteorological observation, and short-term prediction, of deep moist convection (DMC). DMC describes atmospheric conditions producing single or clusters of large vertical extension clouds ranging from cumulus congestus to cumulonimbus , the latter producing thunderstorms associated with lightning and thunder .
A mesoscale convective complex (MCC) is a unique kind of mesoscale convective system which is defined by characteristics observed in infrared satellite imagery. Their area of cold cloud tops exceeds 100,000 square kilometres (39,000 sq mi) with temperature less than or equal to −32 °C (−26 °F); and an area of cloud top of 50,000 square ...
A mesoscale convective complex (MCC) is a unique kind of mesoscale convective system which is defined by characteristics observed in infrared satellite imagery. They are long-lived, often form nocturnally, and commonly contain heavy rainfall , wind , hail , lightning , and possibly tornadoes .
These can refer to tornadoes spawned by quasi-linear convective systems or tropical cyclones, which occasionally become strong and fairly long track. A spin-up may sometimes refer to a landspout or gustnado (the latter of which is rarely an actual tornado). Splitting storm (or storm split) Stability index; Stacked low; Steam devil
The US National Weather Service developed an organized storm spotter training system starting in the 1970's. Meteorologist Alan Moller played a significant role in the development of the effort. He believed that storm spotters are a vital part of the Integrated Warning System since they provide "ground truth verification" for forecasters.
Also actiniform. Describing a collection of low-lying, radially structured clouds with distinct shapes (resembling leaves or wheels in satellite imagery), and typically organized in extensive mesoscale fields over marine environments. They are closely related to and sometimes considered a variant of stratocumulus clouds. actinometer A scientific instrument used to measure the heating power of ...
SPC storm spotter reports for hail two inches in diameter or larger, by month, from 2004 to 2024. ... Mean multi-model changes in future (2041-2070) minus present (1971-2000) for maximum diameter ...
At the small end, it includes storm-scale phenomena (the size of an individual thunderstorm [1]). Examples of mesoscale weather systems are sea breezes , squall lines , and mesoscale convective complexes .