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Radial glial cells, or radial glial progenitor cells (RGPs), are bipolar-shaped progenitor cells that are responsible for producing all of the neurons in the cerebral cortex. RGPs also produce certain lineages of glia , including astrocytes and oligodendrocytes .
The progression from neural stem cell to granule cell in the SGZ can be described by tracing the following lineage of cell types: [7] [8] Radial glial cells. Radial glial cells are a subset of astrocytes, which are typically thought of as non-neuronal support cells. The radial glial cells in the SGZ have cell bodies that reside in the SGZ and ...
Within each developing radial unit, the process of neurogenesis gives rise to post-mitotic (non-dividing) cortical neurons, which begin the process of radial neuronal migration from the ventricular zone and adjacent subventricular zone to form the cortical plate in the classic 'inside-out' manner beginning with the deep cortical layers.
Foot-like processes are also present in Müller glia (modified astrocytes of the retina), [3] pancreatic stellate cells, [4] dendritic cells, [5] oligodendrocytes, [6] and others. Microglia , which are notably smaller than macroglia , can also extend their end-processes to contact areas of capillaries that are devoid of astrocyte endfeet , and ...
The progenitor cells and radial glial cells respond to extracellular trophic factors - like ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cytokines or neuregulin 1 (NRG1) - that can determine whether the cells will differentiate into either neurons or glia. [5]
Radial glial cells, also called radial glial progenitor cells, divide asymmetrically to produce a neuroblast and another radial glial cell that will re-enter the cell cycle. [5] [3] This mitosis occurs in the germinal neuroepithelium (or germinal zone), when a radial glial cell divides to produce the neuroblast. The neuroblast detaches from the ...
The Protomap is a primordial molecular map of the functional areas of the mammalian cerebral cortex during early embryonic development, at a stage when neural stem cells are still the dominant cell type. [1] The protomap is a feature of the ventricular zone, which contains the principal cortical progenitor cells, known as radial glial cells.
Such cells have been called hybrid brain cells because they exhibit both neuron-like and glial-like properties. Unlike traditional neurons , these cells not only transmit electrical signals but also provide supportive roles typically associated with glial cells , such as regulating the brain's extracellular environment and maintaining overall ...