Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Petroleum refinery in Anacortes, Washington, United States. Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries (also referred to as oil refineries) to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils.
This distillation is a same of E.F.V Some examples of ASTM International standards utilizing distillation are: D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure; ASTM D20-03(2014) Standard Test Method for Distillation of Road Tars; D1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure
The vapor phase enters in the bottom of the column and exits out of the top. Inside of the column are trays or plates. These trays force the liquid to flow back and forth horizontally while the vapor bubbles up through holes in the trays. The purpose of these trays is to increase the amount of contact area between the liquid and vapor phases.
At each tray or stage, the rising gas strips the light ends from heavy ends, and the rising gas becomes richer in the light components and leaner in the heavy ends. [5] Alternatively, if a finer separation is required the column may be provided with an upper section reflux system [6] making it similar to a distillation column. [5]
Tight refining supply has kept the gap wide between wholesale gasoline futures and retail prices, currently at about $1.25 a gallon, far exceeding the average of 88 cents over the past five years.
The pressure at the top is maintained at 1.2–1.5 atm [2] so that the distillation can be carried out at close to atmospheric pressure, and therefore it is known as the atmospheric distillation column. [3] The vapors from the top of the column are a mixture of hydrocarbon gases and naphtha, at a temperature of 120 °C–130 °C.
Lipow forecasts a price of $3.65 per gallon going into the summer driving season: “According to my Tarot cards, I do not see the national average of gasoline hitting $4.00 per gallon.”
A schematic diagram of a Visbreaker unit. The term coil (or furnace) visbreaking is applied to units where the cracking process occurs in the furnace tubes (or "coils")."). Material exiting the furnace is quenched to halt the cracking reactions: frequently this is achieved by heat exchange with the virgin material being fed to the furnace, which in turn is a good energy efficiency step, but ...