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Thus, executive function deficits pose serious problems for a person's ability to engage in self-regulation over time to attain their goals and anticipate and prepare for the future. [ 56 ] Teaching children self-regulation strategies is a way to improve their inhibitory control and their cognitive flexibility.
Executive functioning is a theoretical construct representing a domain of cognitive processes that regulate, control, and manage other cognitive processes. Executive functioning is not a unitary concept; it is a broad description of the set of processes involved in certain areas of cognitive and behavioural control. [1]
Executive functioning includes other aspects of cognition, including inhibition, memory, emotional stability, planning, and organization. Cognitive flexibility is highly related with a number of these abilities, including inhibition, planning and working memory . [ 8 ]
Inhibitory control, also known as response inhibition, is a cognitive process – and, more specifically, an executive function – that permits an individual to inhibit their impulses and natural, habitual, or dominant behavioral responses to stimuli (a.k.a. prepotent responses) in order to select a more appropriate behavior that is consistent with completing their goals.
Task switching, or set-shifting, is an executive function that involves the ability to unconsciously shift attention between one task and another. In contrast, cognitive shifting is a very similar executive function, but it involves conscious (not unconscious) change in attention.
These tests assess executive functioning in more complex, real-life situations, which improves their ability to predict day-to-day difficulties of DES. The six tests are as follows: [2] Rule Shift Cards - Assesses the subject's ability to ignore a prior rule after being given a new rule to follow.
The shifting function is used to allocate attention to the stimuli that are most relevant to the task. The updating function is used to update and monitor information in working memory. [37] [38] There are three main hypotheses associated with attentional control theory. First, the efficiency of the central executive is impaired by anxiety.
Organization of Materials: Ability to put order in work, play and storage spaces (e.g., desks, lockers, backpacks, and bedrooms). Monitor: Ability to check work and to assess one's own performance; ability to keep track of the effect of one's own behavior on other people.