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Dual capacitors come in a variety of sizes, depending on the capacitance (measured in microfarads, μF), such as 40 plus 5 μF, and also on the voltage. A 440-volt capacitor can be used in place of a 370-volt, but not a 370-volt in place of a 440-volt. [2] The capacitance must remain within 5% of its original value. [2]
A vacuum variable capacitor is a variable capacitor which uses a high vacuum as the dielectric instead of air or other insulating material. This allows for a higher voltage rating than an air dielectric [ 1 ] using a smaller total volume.
Capacitors for AC applications are primarily film capacitors, metallized paper capacitors, ceramic capacitors and bipolar electrolytic capacitors. The rated AC load for an AC capacitor is the maximum sinusoidal effective AC current (rms) which may be applied continuously to a capacitor within the specified temperature range.
Voltages over approximately 50 volts can usually cause dangerous amounts of current to flow through a human being who touches two points of a circuit, so safety standards are more restrictive around such circuits. In automotive engineering, high voltage is defined as voltage in range 30 to 1000 VAC or 60 to 1500 VDC. [5]
This allows one to choose single-phase AC power at either 110–120 volts between phase and neutral or 220–240 volts between phase and phase. Since these two modes do not need three phases there is also a dark yellow-orange four-pin connector available designed for a single-phase 110–120 or 220–240 volt load.
Analyzing the circuit of the lamp shown in the image, at 50 Hz, the 1.2 μF capacitor has a reactance of 2.653 kΩ. By Ohm's law, the current is limited to 240 V/2653 Ω ≈ 90 mA, assuming that voltage and frequency remain constant. The LEDs are connected in parallel with the 10 μF electrolytic filter capacitor.
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