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Food fortification is the addition of micronutrients (essential trace elements and vitamins) to food products. Food enrichment specifically means adding back nutrients lost during food processing, while fortification includes adding nutrients not naturally present. [ 1 ]
Enriched flour is flour with specific nutrients added to it. These nutrients include iron and B vitamins (folic acid, riboflavin, niacin, and thiamine). Calcium may also be supplemented. The purpose of enriching flour is to replenish the nutrients in the flour to match the nutritional status of the unrefined product.
In the US, mandatory fortification of enriched breads, cereals, flours, corn meal, pastas, rice, and other grain products began in January 1998. As of 2023, 140 countries require food fortification with one or more vitamins, [32] with folate required in 69 countries. The most commonly fortified food is wheat flour, followed by maize flour and rice.
Unprocessed foods are foods that are consumed directly from their natural growth state (i.e., buying string beans or apples at the grocery store or farmer’s market).
Zavaleta et al. (2011) evaluated the effects of an MFGM-enriched complementary food on health outcomes in term infants 6 to 11 months of age in Peru. [57] In this double-blind RCT, 499 primarily breast-fed infants were fed for 6 months with a daily milk-based complementary food that included either whey protein concentrate enriched in MFGM, or ...
Because the outer parts of the grain are removed and used for animal feed and non-food use, refined grains have been described as less sustainable than whole grains. [4] After refinement of grains became prevalent in the early 20th-century, nutritional deficiencies (iron, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin) became more common in the United States.
Enriched category, in mathematics; Chaptalization, a process in winemaking; Food fortification, the process of adding nutrients to cereals or grain; Enrichment in education, activities outside the formal curriculum; Enrichment of breathing gas for scuba diving (e.g. in Enriched Air Nitrox)
Pastry refers to a variety of doughs (often enriched with fat or eggs), as well as the sweet and savoury baked goods made from them. [1] [2] [3] These goods are often called pastries as a synecdoche, and the dough may be accordingly called pastry dough for clarity. [4] Sweetened pastries are often described as bakers' confectionery.