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The medical history includes obtaining the symptoms of pulmonary TB: productive, prolonged cough of three or more weeks, chest pain, and hemoptysis.Systemic symptoms include low grade remittent fever, chills, night sweats, appetite loss, weight loss, easy fatiguability, and production of sputum that starts out mucoid but changes to purulent. [1]
A tuberculoma is a clinical manifestation of tuberculosis which conglomerates tubercles into a firm lump, and so can mimic cancer tumors of many types in medical imaging studies. [1] [2] They often arise within individuals in whom a primary tuberculosis infection is not well controlled. [3]
Tuberculosis (TB), also known colloquially as the "white death", or historically as consumption, [7] is a contagious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria. [1] Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. [1]
An example of a tuberculosis (TB) infection that comes under control: M. tuberculosis cells are engulfed by macrophages after being identified as foreign but, due to an immuno-escape mechanism peculiar to mycobacteria, [4] TB bacteria block the fusion of their enclosing phagosome with lysosomes which would destroy the bacteria. Thereby TB can ...
In the Mantoux test, a standard dose of 5 tuberculin units (TU - 0.1 ml), according to the CDC, [8] or 2 TU of Statens Serum Institute (SSI) tuberculin RT23 in 0.1 ml solution, according to the National Health Service, [9] is injected intradermally (between the layers of dermis) on the flexor surface of the left forearm, mid-way between elbow ...
The equivalent Mantoux test positive levels done with 10 TU (0.1 mL 100 TU/mL, 1:1000) are 0–4 mm induration (Heaf 0-1) 5–14 mm induration (Heaf 2) >15 mm induration (Heaf 3-4) The Mantoux test is preferred in the United States for the diagnosis of tuberculosis; multiple puncture tests, such as the Heaf test and Tine test, are not recommended.
Tuberculous pericarditis accounts for a significant percentage of presentations of tuberculosis worldwide. [2] The condition has four stages of disease which manifests with clinical presentations ranging from acute pericarditis to overt heart failure. [3] Tuberculous pericarditis is an under-diagnosed condition. [3]
Negative reaction to tuberculin skin test 2: TB infection No disease: Positive reaction to tuberculin skin test Negative bacteriologic studies (if done) No clinical, bacteriologic, or radiographic evidence of TB 3: TB, clinically active: M. tuberculosis cultured (if done) Clinical, bacteriologic, or radiographic evidence of current disease 4: TB