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The gut-brain axis is a two-way communication network within human systems that correlates the gut microbiome and the brain, encompassing immune, endocrine and neural connections. There is an evident association between the gastrointestinal tract and enteric microbiota with functional changes highlighted in the nervous system evidenced in vivo ...
Gut microbiota, gut microbiome, or gut flora are the microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, that live in the digestive tracts of animals. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The gastrointestinal metagenome is the aggregate of all the genomes of the gut microbiota .
These improvements were associated with changes in the gut microbiome, the community of trillions of bacteria in the digestive system. These bacteria are essential for metabolism, immune health ...
It also plays a role in regulating the host’s immune system, reducing inflammation and contributing to a stable gut environment. This relationship reflects a complex co-evolution where both the human host and B. thetaiotaomicron benefit, showing how interconnected the gut microbiome and human health have become. [10] [11]
As of 2019, about 4.9 million people globally were living with an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as Crohn’s disease. Scientists are still unclear as to the exact cause of Crohn’s ...
The mucosal immune system consists of a cellular component, humoral immunity, and defense mechanisms that prevent the invasion of microorganisms and harmful foreign substances into the body. These defense mechanisms can be divided into physical barriers ( epithelial lining , mucus , cilia function , intestinal peristalsis , etc.) and chemical ...