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Thermomechanical pulp is pulp produced by processing wood chips using heat (thus "thermo-") and a mechanical refining movement (thus "-mechanical"). It is a two-stage process where the logs are first stripped of their bark and converted into small chips. These chips have a moisture content of around 25–30 percent.
The new pulp mill was started up in April 2023 with a total investment of US$3.47 billion and has a production capacity of 2.1 million tonnes of pulp per year. [16] [17] This is the second pulp mill the company opened in Uruguay, after the UPM Fray Bentos, which makes 1.3 million tonnes of pulp per year. [18]
Around the year 2000, the production volume for flax and hemp pulp totalled 25,000 to 30,000 tonnes per year, which was produced from about 37,000 to 45,000 tonnes of fibers. Up to 80% of the produced pulp is used for specialty papers (including 95% cigarette paper).
Digesters producing 1,000 tonnes or more of pulp per day are common, with the largest producing more than 3,500 tonnes per day. [8] Typically, delignification requires around two hours [ 9 ] at 170 to 176 °C (338 to 349 °F).
Newsprint is a low-cost, non-archival paper consisting mainly of wood pulp and most commonly used to print newspapers and other publications and advertising material. Invented in 1844 by Charles Fenerty of Nova Scotia , Canada, it usually has an off white cast and distinctive feel.
U.S. Pulp and Paper Manufacturing Statistics, 2001 [3] Number of employees Total payroll ($1,000) Total cost of materials ($1,000) Total cost of shipments ($1,000)
Logging of old growth forests accounts for less than 10% of wood pulp, [29] but is one of the most controversial issues. Paper waste accounts for up to 40% of total waste produced in the United States each year, which adds up to 71.6 million tons of paper waste per year in the United States alone. [30]
Fibria will be able to produce additional 6.7 million tons of pulp per year, when expansion projects planned before the merger are accomplished. [1] The company's main competitors are the Brazilian Eldorado Brasil and the Chileans CMPC and Arauco. In 2018 the company merged with its largest rival Suzano Papel e Celulose.