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According to Judaism, the priestly covenant [1] (Hebrew: ברית הכהונה brith ha-kehuna) is the biblical covenant that God gave to Aaron and his descendants, the kohanim. This covenant consisted of their exclusive right to serve in the Temple , and to consume sacrificial offerings and receive other priestly gifts .
The Hebrew Bible makes reference to a number of covenants (Hebrew: בְּרִיתוֹת) with God ().These include the Noahic Covenant set out in Genesis 9, which is decreed between God and all living creatures, as well as a number of more specific covenants with Abraham, the whole Israelite people, the Israelite priesthood, and the Davidic lineage of kings.
The Priestly Code (in Hebrew Torat Kohanim, תורת כהנים) is the name given, by academia, [1] to the body of laws expressed in the Torah which do not form part of the Holiness Code, the Covenant Code, the Ritual Decalogue, or the Ethical Decalogue.
The majority of Chazalic literature attributes the primary character of psalm 110 as King David [6] who was a "righteous king" (מלכי צדק) of Salem (Jerusalem) and, like Melchizedek, had certain priest-like responsibilities, while the Babylonian Talmud understands the chapter as referring to Abram who was victorious in battling to save his nephew Lot and merited priesthood. [7]
The exclusive possession of the priesthood by Aaron's descendants was known as the priestly covenant. Many commentators assert that the firstborns lost their status due to their participation in the golden calf sin. [17] A number of reasons have been suggested for why Aaron and his descendants were chosen instead: [19]
That is a priesthood which is nothing else than the Ministry. Thus 1 Corinthians 4:1: "No one should regard us as anything else than ministers of Christ and dispensers of the mysteries of God." [15] The belief in the priesthood of all believers does not preclude order, authority or discipline within congregations or denominational organizations.
The priestly court is not mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.According to the Sifrei, it is hinted to in Numbers 18:7 ("Therefore thou and thy sons with thee shall keep your priest's office for every thing of the altar, and within the veil..."); the Sifrei explains that "There was a place behind the veil where they would check priestly lineage".
The priesthood of ancient Israel was the class of male individuals, who, according to the Hebrew Bible, were patrilineal descendants from Aaron (the elder brother of Moses) and the tribe of Levi, who served in the Tabernacle, Solomon's Temple and Second Temple until the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE.