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Staphylococcus species are facultative anaerobes (capable of growth both aerobically and anaerobically). [15] All species grow in the presence of bile salts. All strains of Staphylococcus aureus were once thought to be coagulase-positive, but this has since been disproven. [16] [17] [18] Growth can also occur in a 6.5% NaCl solution. [15]
However, staph infections are still prominent and a cause for concern among healthcare professionals, especially new antibiotic-resistant strains. In the U.S., the incidence of staph infection is around 38.2 to 45.7 per 100,000 person-years, whereas other First World countries have an average incidence rate of 10 to 30 per 100,000 person-years.
This occurs when multiple different types of S. aureus cause an infection within a host. The different strains can secrete different enzymes or bring different antibiotic resistances to the group, increasing its pathogenic ability. [13] Thus, there is a need for a large number of mutations and acquisitions of mobile genetic elements. [citation ...
Different genotypes are also associated with different types of infections. Types I–III SCCmec are large elements that typically contain additional resistance genes and are characteristically isolated from HA-MRSA strains. [44] [49] Conversely, CA-MRSA is associated with types IV and V, which are smaller and lack resistance genes other than mecA.
Staphylococcus hominis is normally found on human skin and is usually harmless, but can sometimes cause infections in people with abnormally weak immune systems. Most, if not all, strains are susceptible to penicillin, erythromycin, and novobiocin, but a divergent strain, S. hominis subsp. novobiosepticus (SHN), was isolated between 1989 and ...
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a Gram-positive bacterium, and one of over 40 species belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. [1] It is part of the normal human microbiota , typically the skin microbiota , and less commonly the mucosal microbiota and also found in marine sponges.
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was first identified as a novel species in 2005 using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the tRNA intergenic length polymorphisms of the AJ780976 gene loci. [15] [16] [17] Differing strains of S. pseudintermedius, LMG 22219 - LMG 22222, have been identified in various species: cat, horse, dog, and parrot, respectively. [15]
Staphylococcus aureus: Skin Staphylococcus epidermidis: Skin Sometimes, mostly not Staphylococcus haemolyticus: Skin Streptococcus viridans: Skin Trichophyton spp Skin Staphylococcus aureus: Hair follicles Corynebacterium spp: External ear Staphylococcus aureus: External ear Staphylococcus epidermidis: External ear Chlamydia trachomatis: Mucous ...