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The heating radiator was invented by Franz San Galli in 1855, a Kingdom of Prussia-born Russian businessman living in St. Petersburg. [2] [3] In the late 1800s, companies, such as the American Radiator Company, promoted cast iron radiators over previous fabricated steel designs in order to lower costs and expand the market.
An extension was built in 1930, also by Limousin. Foundry work (boilers, cast iron baths) was switched to Aulnay. [16] In 1929, a factory was opened in Dammarie-lès-Lys; the factory structure was also to the design of Freyssinet/Limousin. From 1931, the factory was used entirely for the manufacture of radiators, with a staff of 750. [20]
It is the most commonly used cast iron and the most widely used cast material based on weight. Most cast irons have a chemical composition of 2.5–4.0% carbon, 1–3% silicon, and the remainder iron. Grey cast iron has less tensile strength and shock resistance than steel, but its compressive strength is
A cast iron convector radiator from 1904. Heat transfer from a radiator occurs by two mechanisms: thermal radiation and convection into flowing air or liquid. Conduction is not normally a major source of heat transfer in radiators. A radiator may even transfer heat by phase change, for example, drying a pair of socks. In practice, the term ...
The lower the return temperature to the boiler the more likely it will be in condensing mode. If the return temperature is kept below approximately 55 °C (131 °F), the boiler should still be in condensing mode making low temperature applications such as radiant floors and even old cast iron radiators a good match for the technology.
The latter part of the 19th century saw greater emphasis placed on attractive and elegant home design. The old cast iron radiators and pipes were regarded as an eyesore and the desire to cover these blemishes led to the introduction of decorative radiator cabinets.