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The goal is ultimately to understand how the movement of individual limbs relates to the overall movement of an animal within its environment. Below highlights the key kinematic parameters used to quantify body and limb movement for different modes of animal locomotion.
Cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) is a gene expression technique used in molecular biology to produce a snapshot of the 5′ end of the messenger RNA population in a biological sample (the transcriptome).
Horse galloping The Horse in Motion, 24-camera rig with tripwires GIF animation of Plate 626 Gallop; thoroughbred bay mare Annie G. [1]. Animal Locomotion: An Electro-photographic Investigation of Consecutive Phases of Animal Movements is a series of scientific photographs by Eadweard Muybridge made in 1884 and 1885 at the University of Pennsylvania, to study motion in animals (including humans).
In chemistry, the cage effect [1] (also known as geminate recombination [2]) describes how the properties of a molecule are affected by its surroundings. First introduced by James Franck and Eugene Rabinowitch [ 3 ] [ 4 ] in 1934, the cage effect suggests that instead of acting as an individual particle, molecules in solvent are more accurately ...
An approach to model morphogenesis in computer science or mathematics can be traced to Alan Turing's 1952 paper, "The chemical basis of morphogenesis", [30] a model now known as the Turing pattern. Another famous model is the so-called French flag model , developed in the sixties.
The Nodal signaling pathway is a signal transduction pathway important in regional and cellular differentiation during embryonic development. [1]The Nodal family of proteins, a subset of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily, is responsible for mesoendoderm induction, patterning of the nervous system, and determination of dorsal- ventral axis in vertebrate embryos.
The omega loop [1] [2] is a non-regular protein structural motif, consisting of a loop of six or more amino acid residues and any amino acid sequence. The defining characteristic is that residues that make up the beginning and end of the loop are close together in space with no intervening lengths of regular secondary structural motifs.
Phototaxis is a kind of taxis, or locomotory movement, that occurs when a whole organism moves towards or away from a stimulus of light. [2] This is advantageous for phototrophic organisms as they can orient themselves most efficiently to receive light for photosynthesis. Phototaxis is called positive if the movement is in the direction of ...