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Longitudinal section through the left side of the scrotum and the left testis (seminiferous tubules visible in center, but not labeled). Seminiferous tubule (transverse section). Photomicrograph of section through rat testis, showing seminiferous tubules.
A testicle or testis (pl. testes) is the gonad in all male bilaterians, including humans, and is homologous to the ovary in females. Its primary functions are the production of sperm and the secretion of androgens, primarily testosterone. The release of testosterone is regulated by luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland.
The descent of the testicles consists of the opening of a connection from the testis to its final location at the anterior abdominal wall, followed by the development of the gubernaculum, which subsequently pulls and translocates the testicle down into the developing scrotum. Ultimately, the passageway closes behind the testis.
The tunica albuginea is a dense, [1] [2] blue-white [3] layer of fibrous tissue surrounding the testis. [1] [4] It is the middle of three envelopes forming the capsule of the testis; it is deep to the visceral layer of tunica vaginalis, and superficial to the tunica vasculosa testis (vascular layer of testis).
The ovary is not covered by the mesovarium; rather, it is covered by germinal epithelium. At first, the mesonephros and genital ridge are suspended by a common mesentery , but as the embryo grows the genital ridge gradually becomes pinched off from the mesonephros, with which it is at first continuous, though it still remains connected to the ...
An ovotestis is a gonad with both testicular and ovarian aspects. [1] [2] In humans, ovotestes are an infrequent anatomical variation associated with gonadal dysgenesis. [3]The only mammals where ovotestes are not characteristic of an infrequent variation are moles, wherein females possess ovotestes along with a masculinized clitoris.
The ovary is differentiated into a central part, the medulla of ovary, covered by a surface layer, the germinal epithelium. The immature ova originate from cells from the dorsal endoderm of the yolk sac. Once they have reached the gonadal ridge they are called oogonia. Development proceeds and the oogonia become fully surrounded by a layer of ...
The septa testis are fibrous partitions of the testis dividing the testis into compartments - the lobules of the testis. The septa are formed by extensions of the tunica albuginea - the dense fibrous connective tissue surface covering of the testis - into the substance of the testis. The septa converge towards the mediastinum testis. [1]