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In mathematics, in particular in algebra, polarization is a technique for expressing a homogeneous polynomial in a simpler fashion by adjoining more variables. Specifically, given a homogeneous polynomial, polarization produces a unique symmetric multilinear form from which the original polynomial can be recovered by evaluating along a certain diagonal.
In linear algebra, a branch of mathematics, the polarization identity is any one of a family of formulas that express the inner product of two vectors in terms of the norm of a normed vector space. If a norm arises from an inner product then the polarization identity can be used to express this inner product entirely in terms of the norm. The ...
A polariton is the result of the combination of a photon with a polar excitation in a material. The following are types of polaritons: Phonon polaritons result from coupling of an infrared photon with an optical phonon
Polarization (physics), the ability of waves to oscillate in more than one direction; polarization of light allows the glare-reducing effect of polarized sunglasses Polarization (antenna) , the state of polarization (in the above sense) of electromagnetic waves transmitted by or received by a radio antenna
The polarization of a molecule through its bonds is a separate phenomenon known as induction. [3] Field effects are relatively weak, and diminish rapidly with distance, but have still been found to alter molecular properties such as acidity. [1] Field effect on a carbonyl arising from the dipole in a C-F bond.
The Stokes I, Q, U and V parameters. The Stokes parameters are a set of values that describe the polarization state of electromagnetic radiation.They were defined by George Gabriel Stokes in 1851, [1] [2] as a mathematically convenient alternative to the more common description of incoherent or partially polarized radiation in terms of its total intensity (I), (fractional) degree of ...
See polarization and plane of polarization for more information. The orientation of a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave is defined by the direction of the electric field vector. [ 2 ] For example, if the electric field vector is vertical (alternately up and down as the wave travels) the radiation is said to be vertically polarized.
In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end. Polar molecules must contain one or more polar bonds due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms.