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Like cellulose, chitin is an abundant biopolymer that is relatively resistant to degradation. [17] Many mammals can digest chitin and the specific chitinase levels in vertebrate species are adapted to their feeding behaviours. [18] Certain fish are able to digest chitin. [19] Chitinases have been isolated from the stomachs of mammals, including ...
Plants also have receptors that can cause a response to chitin, namely chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 and chitin elicitor-binding protein. [19] The first chitin receptor was cloned in 2006. [ 20 ] When the receptors are activated by chitin, genes related to plant defense are expressed, and jasmonate hormones are activated, which in turn ...
Fungi can break down manufactured materials and buildings, and become significant pathogens of humans and other animals. Losses of crops due to fungal diseases (e.g., rice blast disease) or food spoilage can have a large impact on human food supplies and local economies.
Chitinases are glycosyl hydrolases that break down the β-1,4 linkages of chitin. They are active over broad pH (3.0–11.0) and temperature (30–60 C) range. [13] Chitinases are biologically useful because they break down the biopolymer chitin. Chitin poses a severe environmental problem in the form of chitinous waste, which is produced at up ...
Exoenzymes also aid digestion in the guts of ruminants, [6] termites, [7] humans and herbivores. By hydrolyzing plant cell wall polymers, microbes release energy that has the potential to be used by humans as biofuel. [8] Other human uses include waste water treatment, [9] composting [10] and bioethanol production. [11]
And if you live or work in a drying environment — think an office where the air conditioning is always on full-blast, or an apartment with central heating that results in desert-like ...
Inulin is a naturally occurring polysaccharide complex carbohydrate composed of fructose, a plant-derived food that human digestive enzymes cannot completely break down. The inulins belong to a class of dietary fibers known as fructans. Inulin is used by some plants as a means of storing energy and is typically found in roots or rhizomes.
Chitin Synthase is manufactured in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of fungi as the inactive form, zymogen. The zymogen is then packaged into chitosomes in the golgi apparatus. Chitosomes bring the zymogen to the hyphal tip of a mold or yeast cell membrane. Chitin synthase is placed into the interior side of the cell membrane and then activated.