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A home-brewing setup showing accumulated trub, or lees, at the bottom of the carboy. In the process of brewing beer, trub (/ t r u b / or / t r u p /) [1] is the material, along with hop debris, left in the whirlpool or hopback after the wort has been boiled then transferred and cooled. Brewers generally prefer that the bulk of the trub be left ...
Mead is a drink widely considered to have been discovered likely among the first humans in Africa 20,000–40,000 years ago [17] [18] [19] [better source needed] prior to the advent of both agriculture and ceramic pottery in the Neolithic, [20] due to the prevalence of naturally occurring fermentation and the distribution of eusocial honey-producing insects worldwide; [21] as a result, it is ...
Many beer styles are classified as one of two main types, ales and lagers, though certain styles may not be easily sorted into either category.Beers classified as ales are typically made with yeasts that ferment at warmer temperatures, usually between 15.5 and 24 °C (60 and 75 °F), and form a layer of foam on the surface of the fermenting beer, thus they are called top-fermenting yeasts.
Yeast need a reliable source of nitrogen in forms that they can assimilate in order to successfully complete fermentation. Yeast assimilable nitrogen or YAN is the combination of free amino nitrogen (FAN), ammonia (NH 3) and ammonium (NH 4 +) that is available for a yeast, e.g. the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to use during fermentation.
Wine packaged in a bag usually made of flexible plastic and protected by a box, usually made of cardboard. The bag is sealed by a simple plastic tap. Brettanomyces A wine spoilage yeast that produces taints in wine commonly described as barnyard or band-aids. Brix/Balling A measurement of the dissolved sucrose level in a wine Brouillis
The natural occurrence of fermentation means it was probably first observed long ago by humans. [3] The earliest uses of the word "fermentation" in relation to winemaking was in reference to the apparent "boiling" within the must that came from the anaerobic reaction of the yeast to the sugars in the grape juice and the release of carbon dioxide.