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Contributing structures of the carbonate ion. In chemistry, resonance, also called mesomerism, is a way of describing bonding in certain molecules or polyatomic ions by the combination of several contributing structures (or forms, [1] also variously known as resonance structures or canonical structures) into a resonance hybrid (or hybrid structure) in valence bond theory.
A valence bond structure resembles a Lewis structure, but when a molecule cannot be fully represented by a single Lewis structure, multiple valence bond structures are used. Each of these VB structures represents a specific Lewis structure. This combination of valence bond structures is the main point of resonance theory.
In chemistry, the mesomeric effect (or resonance effect) is a property of substituents or functional groups in a chemical compound.It is defined as the polarity produced in the molecule by the interaction of two pi bonds or between a pi bond and lone pair of electrons present on an adjacent atom. [1]
Clar's rule states that for a benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (i.e. one with only hexagonal rings), the resonance structure with the largest number of disjoint aromatic π-sextets is the most important to characterize its chemical and physical properties. Such a resonance structure is called a Clar structure. In other words, a ...
Expressing resonance when drawing Lewis structures may be done either by drawing each of the possible resonance forms and placing double-headed arrows between them or by using dashed lines to represent the partial bonds (although the latter is a good representation of the resonance hybrid which is not, formally speaking, a Lewis structure ...
The NBOs for a resonance structure formula can then be, subsequently, calculated from the CHOOSE option. Operationally, there are three ways in which alternative resonance structures may be generated: (1) from the LEWIS option, considering the Wiberg bond indices; (2) from the delocalization list; (3) specified by the user. [1]
The azide functional group can be shown by two resonance structures. An organic azide is an organic compound that contains an azide (– N 3) functional group. [1] Because of the hazards associated with their use, few azides are used commercially although they exhibit interesting reactivity for researchers.
The bunched particles travel in a field-free region where further bunching occurs, then the bunched particles enter the second resonator giving up their energy to excite it into oscillations. It is a particle accelerator that works in conjunction with a specifically tuned cavity by the configuration of the structures.