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Database designers that use a surrogate key as the primary key for every table will run into the occasional scenario where they need to automatically retrieve the database-generated primary key from an SQL INSERT statement for use in other SQL statements. Most systems do not allow SQL INSERT statements to return row data. Therefore, it becomes ...
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER TableTrigger AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON OriginalTable FOR EACH ROW DECLARE Now TIMESTAMP; BEGIN SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP INTO Now FROM Dual; UPDATE HistoryTable SET EndDate = Now WHERE EndDate IS NULL AND Column1 =: OLD. Column1; IF: NEW. Column1 IS NOT NULL THEN INSERT INTO HistoryTable (Column1, Column2 ...
Major DBMSs, including SQLite, [5] MySQL, [6] Oracle, [7] IBM Db2, [8] Microsoft SQL Server [9] and PostgreSQL [10] support prepared statements. Prepared statements are normally executed through a non-SQL binary protocol for efficiency and protection from SQL injection, but with some DBMSs such as MySQL prepared statements are also available using a SQL syntax for debugging purposes.
MS SQL Server supports trigger for DML and DDL statement plus special trigger "logon". The scope of DDL triggers can be a database (CREATE TRIGGER name ON DATABASE ...) or the entire SQL Server instance (CREATE TRIGGER name ON ALL SERVER). When you use the entire instance, you can capture all events executed on commands that have server-level scop
It also supports >REPLACE INTO syntax, [6] which first attempts an insert, and if that fails, deletes the row, if exists, and then inserts the new one. There is also an IGNORE clause for the INSERT statement, [ 7 ] which tells the server to ignore "duplicate key" errors and go on (existing rows will not be inserted or updated, but all new rows ...
A derived table is the use of referencing an SQL subquery in a FROM clause. Essentially, the derived table is a subquery that can be selected from or joined to. The derived table functionality allows the user to reference the subquery as a table. The derived table is sometimes referred to as an inline view or a subselect.
SQL was initially developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce after learning about the relational model from Edgar F. Codd [12] in the early 1970s. [13] This version, initially called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), was designed to manipulate and retrieve data stored in IBM's original quasirelational database management system, System R, which a group at IBM San ...
SQL statements are used to perform tasks such as insert data to a database, delete or update data in a database, or retrieve data from a database. Though database systems use SQL, they also have their own additional proprietary extensions that are usually only used on their system.