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Wetland vary widely in their salinity levels, climate zones, and surrounding geography and play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity, ecosystem services, and support human communities. [1] Wetlands cover at least six percent of the Earth and have become a focal issue for conservation due to the ecosystem services they provide.
Harike Wetland is a Ramsar site in India Map of Ramsar sites Archipel Bolama-Bijagos Ramsar site in Guinea-Bissau Walkway in Zuvintas Biosphere Reserve. A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, [1] also known as "The Convention on Wetlands", an international environmental treaty signed on 2 February 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, under ...
Wet meadows were once common in wetland types around the world. [4] [5] They remain an important community type in wet savannas and flatwoods. [6] The also survive along rivers and lakeshores where water levels are allowed to change within and among years. [7] But their area has been dramatically reduced.
The convention establishes that "wetlands should be selected for the list on account of their international significance in terms of ecology, botany, zoology, limnology or hydrology." Over the years, the Conference of the Contracting Parties has adopted more specific criteria interpreting the convention text.
Wetlands exist on every continent, except Antarctica. [19] The water in wetlands is either freshwater, brackish or saltwater. [18] The main types of wetland are defined based on the dominant plants and the source of the water. For example, marshes are wetlands dominated by emergent herbaceous vegetation such as reeds, cattails and sedges.
The Bangweulu Wetlands ecosystem was first described in the 1940s. [2] Bangweulu, which means "where the water meets the sky", is located mostly within Zambia's Northern Province and recognized by the Ramsar Convention as one of the world's most important wetlands. [3]
The relative importance of these habitat types for these birds as well as more vagile taxa typically varies as the availability of water and productivity annually and seasonally shifts among complexes of smaller and larger wetlands throughout a region. [1] This habitat type is found on four of the continents on Earth.
Wetlands are found throughout the world in different climates. [15] Temperatures vary greatly depending on the location of the wetland. Many of the world's wetlands are in the temperate zones, midway between the North or South Poles and the equator. In these zones, summers are warm and winters are cold, but temperatures are not extreme.