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Bronchospasm or a bronchial spasm is a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles. It is caused by the release (degranulation) of substances from mast cells or basophils under the influence of anaphylatoxins. It causes difficulty in breathing which ranges from mild to severe.
As with other forms of pulmonary edema, the hallmark of SIPE is a cough which may lead to frothy or blood-tinged sputum. Symptoms include: Shortness of breath out of proportion to effort being expended. [2] [7] Rapid, heavy or uneven breathing, or uncontrollable coughing. [10]
However, the symptoms of chest pain and trouble swallowing may be severe enough to require treatment with medications, and rarely, surgery. The initial step of treatment focuses on reducing risk factors. While weight reduction may be useful in reducing symptoms, the role of acid suppression therapy to reduce esophageal reflux is still uncertain ...
Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES), also known as distal esophageal spasm, is a condition characterized by uncoordinated contractions of the esophagus, which may cause difficulty swallowing or regurgitation. In some cases, it may cause symptoms such as chest pain, similar to heart disease. In many cases, the cause of DES remains unknown.
The most common causes of dyspnea are cardiac (cardiac asthma) [10] and pulmonary conditions, like congestive heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, COPD, or pneumonia. [9] Less commonly, some cases of dyspnea can be attributed to neuromuscular diseases of the chest wall or anxiety.
Common symptoms include a productive cough, wheezing, mild chest discomfort, and fatigue. [18] Pulmonary embolism: Common signs and symptoms are shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, blood in sputum during cough, and lower limb swelling. Risk factors includes: recent surgery, cancer, and bedridden state.
Laryngospasm is characterized by involuntary spasms of the laryngeal muscles. It is associated with difficulty or inability to breathe or speak, retractions, a feeling of suffocation, which may be followed by hypoxia-induced loss of consciousness. [2] It may be followed by paroxysmal coughing and in partial laryngospasms, a stridor may be heard ...
It was initially classified as "F45.3" (under somatoform disorder of the heart and cardiovascular system) in ICD-10, [19] and is now classified under "somatoform autonomic dysfunction". Da Costa's syndrome involves a set of symptoms that include left-sided chest pains, palpitations , breathlessness, and fatigue in response to exertion.