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Valvetronic system of the BMW N52 engine. The Valvetronic system is a BMW variable valve lift system [1] which, in combination with VANOS, allows infinite adjustment of the intake valve timing and lift. [2] [3] The system claims to improve fuel economy and emissions, and negates the need for a throttle body in regular use. [4]
Closing of the retractable hardtop of a BMW 3-series (E93) Retractable hardtops are commonly made from between two and five sections of metal or plastic and often rely on complex dual-hinged trunk/boot lids that enable the trunk lid to both receive the retracting top from the front and also receive parcels or luggage from the rear. The trunk ...
BMW also introduced a separate hatchback model under the 3 Series nameplate called the 3 Series Gran Turismo (F34). The F30 is the first generation of the 3 Series to be powered by a range of turbocharged engines exclusively and electric power steering (replacing the hydraulic power steering systems used previously). [ 4 ]
These problems led Volkswagen Group to extend the warranty on all of their vehicles equipped with this transmission to ... BMW 318i, 320i, 325i, 328i, 330i, 335i (E9X ...
With the new 3.2 models, Alpinas were now based on the 328i and its 2.8L engine, rather than 325i models. [27] Alpina B3 3.2. In 1995, the B8 was released. The B8 4.6 was based on the 4 litre V8 from the E34 5-series, put into a 328i-based shell. BMW V8s had coated bores which meant new blocks had to be cast by BMW specifically for Alpina V8s.
The manifold absolute pressure sensor (MAP sensor) is one of the sensors used in an internal combustion engine's electronic control system.. Engines that use a MAP sensor are typically fuel injected.
1988: The California Air Resources Board (CARB) requires that all new vehicles sold in California from 1988 onward have some basic OBD capability (such as detecting problems with fuel metering and Exhaust gas recirculation.) [7] [8] These requirements are generally referred to as "OBD-I", though this name is a retronym applied after the ...
BMW xDrive is the marketing name for the all-wheel drive system found on various BMW models since 2003. [1] The system uses an electronically actuated clutch-pack differential to vary the torque between the front and rear axles.