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Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental and behavioral disorder in which an individual has intrusive thoughts (an obsession) and feels the need to perform certain routines (compulsions) repeatedly to relieve the distress caused by the obsession, to the extent where it impairs general function.
The American Psychiatric Association recommends ERP for the treatment of OCD, citing that ERP has the richest empirical support. [25] As of 2019, ERP is considered a first-line psychotherapy for OCD. [21] [26] A 2024 systamtic review found that ERP is highly effective in treating pediatric OCD using both in-person and telehealth-based ...
Primarily obsessional OCD has been called "one of the most distressing and challenging forms of OCD." [5] [page needed] People with this form of OCD have "distressing and unwanted thoughts pop into [their] head frequently," and the thoughts "typically center on a fear that you may do something totally uncharacteristic of yourself, something... potentially fatal... to yourself or others."
The Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS) is a 20-item self-report instrument that assesses the severity of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) symptoms along four empirically supported theme-based dimensions: (a) contamination, (b) responsibility for harm and mistakes, (c) incompleteness/symmetry, and (d) unacceptable (taboo) thoughts. [1]
General OCD, absent of specific relationship-related obsessions, can also affect a person's interpersonal relationships, especially intimate romantic relationships. Women with OCD have been shown to have decreased sexual function and satisfaction compared to women with generalized anxiety disorder. [ 9 ]
[2] OCD is a mental disorder characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions. [3] An obsession is defined as "a recurring thought, image, or urge that the individual cannot control". [ 4 ] Compulsion can be described as a "ritualistic behavior that the person feels compelled to perform". [ 4 ]
Early onset OCD, manifesting in childhood or adolescence, is a subtype of OCD etiologically distinct from adult onset OCD. This early onset OCD is reported to be genetically related to tic disorders and Tourette syndrome, as one study has found that patients with early onset OCD have a higher rate of Tourette's and other tic disorders. [25]
Studies with ArKO mice have been used to show that varying levels of estrogen affect the onset of OCD behaviors. Lower amounts of estrogen are associated with an increase of OCD behaviors in males more than females. [26] Variation in estrogen can lead to increased levels of OCD symptoms within women as well.