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It is a self-administered paper-and-pencil test that is freely available in the public domain. [1] The SPAQ can be downloaded. [2] The questionnaire asks subjects to score the amounts of seasonal changes they have experienced in sleep, socialization, mood, weight, appetite and energy.
Sleep specialists measure the patient's sleep onset and offset, dim light melatonin onset, and evaluate Horne-Ostberg morningness-eveningness questionnaire results. Sleep specialists may also conduct a polysomnography test to rule out other sleep disorders like narcolepsy. Age and family history of the patient is also taken into consideration. [2]
Insufficient quality or quantity of night time sleep [5] Obstructive sleep apnea [6] Misalignments of the body's circadian pacemaker with the environment (e.g., jet lag, shift work, or other circadian rhythm sleep disorders) [7] Another underlying sleep disorder, such as narcolepsy, sleep apnea, [8] idiopathic hypersomnia, or restless legs syndrome
Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder where people have trouble sleeping. [1] [11] They may have difficulty falling asleep, or staying asleep for as long as desired. [1] [9] [12] Insomnia is typically followed by daytime sleepiness, low energy, irritability, and a depressed mood. [1]
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a mood disorder subset in which people who typically have normal mental health throughout most of the year exhibit depressive symptoms at the same time each year. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is commonly, but not always, associated with the reductions or increases in total daily sunlight hours that occur during the winter ...
The most common sleep-related symptom of bipolar disorder is insomnia, in addition to hypersomnia, nightmares, poor sleep quality, OSA, extreme daytime sleepiness, etc. [27] Moreover, animal models have shown that sleep debt can induce episodes of bipolar mania in laboratory mice, but these models are still limited in their potential to explain ...
Letter Garden. Spell words by linking letters, clearing space for your flowers to grow. Can you clear the entire garden? By Masque Publishing
DSPD is often confused with psychophysiological insomnia; depression; psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, ADHD or ADD; other sleep disorders; or school refusal. Practitioners of sleep medicine point out the dismally low rate of accurate diagnosis of the disorder, and have often asked for better physician education on sleep disorders. [35]