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PBD is similar to bipolar disorder (BD) in adults, and has been proposed as an explanation for periods of extreme shifts in mood called mood episodes. [1] [2] These shifts alternate between periods of depressed or irritable moods and periods of abnormally elevated moods called manic or hypomanic episodes. [1]
[33] [34] [35] To fit the definition of a manic episode, these behaviors must impair the individual's ability to socialize or work. [33] [35] If untreated, a manic episode usually lasts three to six months. [36] In severe manic episodes, a person can experience psychotic symptoms, where thought content is affected along with mood. [35]
It involves episodes of mania (extreme highs) and depression (intense lows). This condition was formerly referred to as manic depression. People with bipolar disorder may experience rapid cycling ...
The need for sleep is usually reduced during manic phases. During periods of depression, there may be crying, a negative outlook on life, and poor eye contact with others. [ 1 ] The risk of suicide among those with the illness is high at greater than 6 percent over 20 years, while self-harm occurs in 30–40 percent. [ 1 ]
The primary treatment for bipolar disorder consists of medications called mood stabilizers, which are used to prevent or control episodes of mania or depression. Medications from several classes have mood stabilizing activity. Many individuals may require a combination of medication to achieve full remission of symptoms. [2]
Mood swings in bipolar I: Episodic, [42] manic episodes (severe degree) occur continuously for 7 days, [30] depressive episodes for weeks, [45] [46] and sometimes erratic episodes at moderate degree in between episodes. [30] Alterations in bipolar I and II can be rapid cyclic, which means changes of mood happen 4 times or more within a year. [47]