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DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1. Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4 inhibitors or gliptins) are a class of oral hypoglycemics that block the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). They can be used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2. The first agent of the class – sitagliptin – was approved by the FDA in 2006. [1]
Serious side effects may include angioedema, pancreatitis, joint pain. [10] [8] Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is not recommended. [10] Linagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor [8] that works by increasing the production of insulin and decreasing the production of glucagon by the pancreas. [8]
One of the first reported DPP-4 inhibitor was P32/98 from Merck. It used thiazolidide as the P1-substitute and was the first DPP-4 inhibitor that showed effects in both animals and humans but it was not developed to a market drug due to side effects. Another old inhibitor is DPP-728 from Novartis, where 2-cyanopyrrolidine is used as the P1 ...
Serious side effects may include angioedema, low blood sugar, kidney problems, pancreatitis, and joint pain. [8] Whether use in pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe is unclear. [10] It is in the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class and works by increasing the production of insulin and decreasing the production of glucagon by the ...
Saxagliptin, sold under the brand name Onglyza, is an oral hypoglycemic (anti-diabetic drug) of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class. [1] [2] Early development was solely by Bristol-Myers Squibb; in 2007 AstraZeneca joined with Bristol-Myers Squibb to co-develop the final compound and collaborate on the marketing of the drug.
A recent study found that a class of medications called SGLT-2 inhibitors—which does not include Ozempic or similar drugs like Zepbound—significantly lowered the risk of dementia in people ...
Serious side effects may include lactic acidosis, pancreatitis, low blood sugar, heart failure, joint pain, and allergic reactions. [5] It has not been properly studied in women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. [1] It contains sitagliptin (a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor) and metformin (a biguanide). [5]
GLP-1 analogs resulted in weight loss and had more gastrointestinal side-effects, while in general dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors were weight-neutral and are associated with increased risk for infection and headache. Both classes appear to present an alternative to other antidiabetic drugs.