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The S. Chand group acquired Vikas Publishing House Private Limited (including Madhubun books) in 2012 for a total consideration of ₹144 crore (₹1.4 billion, or US$26 million), New Saraswati House (India) Private Limited over two tranches in 2014-16 for a total consideration of ₹149 crore (₹1.49 billion, or US$24 million), and Chhaya ...
The strength of materials is determined using various methods of calculating the stresses and strains in structural members, such as beams, columns, and shafts. The methods employed to predict the response of a structure under loading and its susceptibility to various failure modes takes into account the properties of the materials such as its yield strength, ultimate strength, Young's modulus ...
The maximum stress criterion assumes that a material fails when the maximum principal stress in a material element exceeds the uniaxial tensile strength of the material. Alternatively, the material will fail if the minimum principal stress σ 3 {\displaystyle \sigma _{3}} is less than the uniaxial compressive strength of the material.
The characteristic strength is defined as the strength of the concrete below which not more than 5% of the test results are expected to fall. [ 16 ] For design purposes, this compressive strength value is restricted by dividing with a factor of safety, whose value depends on the design philosophy used.
The limit surfaces of the unified strength theory in principal stress space are usually a semi-infinite dodecahedron cone with unequal sides. The shape and size of the limiting dodecahedron cone depends on the parameter b and α {\displaystyle \alpha } .
A typical stress–strain curve for a brittle material will be linear. For some materials, such as concrete, tensile strength is negligible compared to the compressive strength and it is assumed to be zero for many engineering applications. Glass fibers have a tensile strength greater than that of steel, but bulk glass usually does not.
The ultimate tensile strength of a material is an intensive property; therefore its value does not depend on the size of the test specimen.However, depending on the material, it may be dependent on other factors, such as the preparation of the specimen, the presence or otherwise of surface defects, and the temperature of the test environment and material.
The material exhibits high strength if there are either high levels of dislocations (greater than 10 14 dislocations per m 2) or no dislocations. A moderate number of dislocations (between 10 7 and 10 9 dislocations per m 2) typically results in low strength.