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Marx's "base determines superstructure" axiom, however, requires qualification: the base is the whole of productive relationships, not only a given economic element, e.g. the working class; historically, the superstructure varies and develops unevenly in society's different activities; for example, art, politics, economics, etc.
The substructure of a building transfers the load of the building to the ground and isolates it horizontally from the ground. This includes foundations and basement retaining walls. [1] It is differentiated from the superstructure. It safeguards the building against the forces of wind, uplift, soil pressure etc.
A is said to be a substructure of B, or a subalgebra of B, if A is a weak subalgebra of B and, moreover, R A = R B ∩ {\displaystyle \cap } A n for every n -ary relation symbol R in σ. If A is a substructure of B , then B is called a superstructure of A or, especially if A is an induced substructure, an extension of A .
In solid state physics, a superstructure is some additional structure that is superimposed on a higher symmetry crystalline structure. [1] A typical and important example is ferromagnetic ordering. In a wider sense, the term "superstructure" is applied to polymers and proteins to describe ordering on a length scale larger than that of monomeric ...
If N is a substructure of M, one often needs a stronger condition. In this case N is called an elementary substructure of M if every first-order σ-formula φ(a 1, …, a n) with parameters a 1, …, a n from N is true in N if and only if it is true in M. If N is an elementary substructure of M, then M is called an elementary extension of N.
Dynamic Substructuring (DS) is an engineering tool used to model and analyse the dynamics of mechanical systems by means of its components or substructures. Using the dynamic substructuring approach one is able to analyse the dynamic behaviour of substructures separately and to later on calculate the assembled dynamics using coupling procedures.
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects Wikidata item; Appearance. ... Substructure may refer to: Substructure (engineering) Substructure (mathematics)
The superstructure of this cargo ship is in the back and includes a lifeboat. The cruiseferry Mega Smeralda. The blue and white part of the ship is the superstructure and the yellow part of the ship is the hull. A superstructure is an upward extension of an existing structure above a