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[5] [page needed] For pregnant women, the recommended first-line treatment during the first trimester is quinine plus clindamycin to be given for seven days. [ 5 ] [ page needed ] In second and third trimesters, it is recommended to give ACTs known to be effective in the country/region or artesunate plus clindamycin for seven days, or quinine ...
Artesunate is the first-line treatment for children or adults with severe malaria, [16] [17] [18] usually in combination with another antimalarial drug. There is moderate-quality evidence that treatment with artesunate plus mefloquine is superior to treatment with artesunate plus amodiaquine or artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. [19]
The first effective treatment for malaria came from the bark of the cinchona tree, which contains quinine. After the link to mosquitos and their parasites was identified in the early twentieth century, mosquito control measures such as widespread use of the insecticide DDT , swamp drainage, covering or oiling the surface of open water sources ...
Malaria was once common in the United States, but the US eliminated malaria from most parts of the country in the early 20th century using vector control programs, which combined the monitoring and treatment of infected humans, draining of wetland breeding grounds for agriculture and other changes in water management practices, and advances in ...
For severe malaria, the WHO recommends intravenous or intramuscular treatment with the artemisinin derivative artesunate for at least 24 hours. [13] Artesunate treatment is continued until the treated person is well enough to take oral medication. They are then given a three-day course of an ACT, for uncomplicated malaria. [13]
Mefloquine, sold under the brand name Lariam among others, is a medication used to prevent or treat malaria. [4] When used for prevention it is typically started before potential exposure and continued for several weeks after potential exposure. [4] It can be used to treat mild or moderate malaria but is not recommended for severe malaria. [4]
Drug resistance poses a growing problem in 21st century malaria treatment. Resistance is now common against all classes of antimalarial drugs save the artemisinins. [82] Treatment of resistant strains became increasingly dependent on this class of drugs. The cost of artemisinins limits their use in the developing world. [83]
ACTs are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as first-line treatment for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria [10] and, in 2004, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, the largest global funding source for malaria control, [11] began reprogramming all approved grants to procure ACTs in areas with high levels of ...