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Northern and northwestern Arkansas Four-toed salamander: Hemidactylium scutatum (Temminck, 1838: Imperiled [46] Western Arkansas in central Ouachita Mountains, distinct population in Cleburne County: Western slimy salamander: Plethodon albagula Grobman, 1944: Apparently secure [47] Forms a species complex with P. kiamichi and P. kisatchie
The four-toed salamander can be easily mistaken for the redback salamander (Plethodon cinereus) in the wild. The redback salamander's underbelly has more numerous black markings. Unlike the four-toed salamander, the redback salamander has no constriction at the tail base, and its posterior limbs show five digits. [3]: 241–242
The Caddo Mountain salamander (Plethodon caddoensis) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae endemic to Arkansas in the south-central United States, and only known from the Caddo Mountains, a part of the Ouachita Mountains. [1] [2] [3]
Plethodontidae, or lungless salamanders, are a family of salamanders. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] With over 500 species, lungless salamanders are by far the largest family of salamanders in terms of their diversity. Most species are native to the Western Hemisphere , from British Columbia to Brazil.
Before the eggs are deposited, male mudpuppies leave the nest. [6] Once ready, the female deposits the eggs in a safe location, usually on the underside of a rock or log. [7] They can lay from 20 to 200 eggs, [4] usually an average of 60. [6] The eggs are not pigmented and are about 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) mm in diameter.
[2] [4] Although referred to as the Big Night, the event for a species sometimes occurs on several occasions over days or weeks. [2] [3] [5] In temperate areas, the event usually happens when temperatures are optimal for the particular species, after a rain. [2] The salamander gathering for the mating ritual is known as a salamander congress. [2]
The long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum, Baird 1849) [4] is a mole salamander in the family Ambystomatidae.This species, typically 4.1–8.9 cm (1 + 3 ⁄ 5 – 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) long when mature, is characterized by its mottled black, brown and yellow pigmentation, and its long outer fourth toe on the hind limbs.
The subspecies is strictly native to the mountain streams of the Ozark Plateau in southern Missouri and northern Arkansas. [4] Its nicknames include lasagna lizard and snot otter. [5] This large salamander grows to a total length (including tail) of 29–57 cm (11–22 in) over a lifespan of 30 years. [6]